{"nrhp_refnum":"99001473","name":"Simmons-Cullars House","other_names":[],"category":"district","location":{"address":"Jct. GA 79 and Co. Rd. 25","address_restricted":false,"city":"Lincolnton","county":"Lincoln County","state":"GA","lat":33.86263775550006,"lon":-82.50650899191916,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1999-12-09","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Agriculture","Architecture","Commerce"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A rural farm complex known as Twelve Oaks, centered on a two-story I-house built ca. 1826 with ten historic outbuildings, at the intersection of GA 79 and Goshen Road about six miles north of Lincolnton, Lincoln County, Georgia.","why_significant":"The house is a rare early I-house (pre-1830 examples are under half of one percent of surveyed Georgia houses) that grew through several additions. The surviving outbuildings show the farm's agricultural self-sufficiency, and its store and carriage house reflect commercial activity. The farm was a major cotton and later lumber operation from antebellum days until 1948.","narrative":"Twelve Oaks, also called the Simmons-Cullars House, is a farm complex in rural Lincoln County, Georgia, near the Goshen community. Its core is a two-story, side-gabled I-house built about 1826 with heavy pegged timber framing and weatherboard siding. Rear ells were added about 1830 and 1905, and a detached kitchen was later joined to the house by a corridor. Ten historic outbuildings survive, including a smokehouse, chicken house, brooder house, store, carriage house, greenhouse, and log playhouse. The property is notable architecturally because early I-houses are uncommon in Georgia and because its additions record changing owner needs. It is also significant in agriculture and commerce. The farm grew to nearly 1,500 acres by the Civil War, grew mainly cotton and corn, and later became a center of the local lumber business under T. W. Cullars. The store served tenant farmers and neighbors into the 1950s, and the period of significance closes with Cullars's death in 1948.","period_of_significance":"c.1826-1948","architect_builder":null,"architectural_style":"Other: I-house","criteria":["A","C"],"status_note":"All buildings, including the main residence, are described as in good condition; the house is still used as a single dwelling and most outbuildings remain in use.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:55:43.097464-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_GA/99001473.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/99001473/14fa3d3671-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/99001473/14fa3d3671-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","author":"Upstateherd","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simmons-Cullars_House.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Upstateherd</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simmons-Cullars_House.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/93208813","wikipedia":null,"wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141774267"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/georgia/lincoln-county/simmons-cullars-house-99001473/"}