{"nrhp_refnum":"96001622","name":"Penfield, Louis A., House","other_names":[],"category":"building","location":{"address":"2203 River Rd.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Willoughby Hills","county":"Lake County","state":"OH","lat":41.61955874450007,"lon":-81.40835657004442,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1997-02-07","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A two-story Usonian single-family house of about 1800 square feet at 2203 River Road, Willoughby Hills, Lake County, Ohio, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1953 and completed in 1955, on a roughly 15-acre setting above the Chagrin River bluffs.","why_significant":"It is significant under Criterion C as an example of Usonian design by master architect Frank Lloyd Wright. It is described as an unaltered Usonian house, one of only two known in Ohio, and it retains integrity of design and setting. Although less than fifty years old, it meets Criteria Consideration G because of the exceptional importance of Wright's work.","narrative":"Overlooking the bluffs of the Chagrin River in Willoughby Hills, Ohio, this two-story house of about 1800 square feet was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1953 and completed in 1955. It follows his Usonian approach: a concrete slab with no basement or attic, walls of concrete block and wood with cemesto board paneling, and large areas of glass beneath a projecting flat roof. Inside, a two-story living room looks toward the river and cliffs, a central masonry fireplace anchors the plan, and much of the seating, shelving and furniture is built in. Bedrooms were given eight-foot ceilings to suit the original owner, Louis A. Penfield, a masonry specialist who asked Wright for a Usonian home. The house is valued as an unaltered work by a master architect, one of only two Usonian houses known in Ohio. About 15 acres are included as its setting, since the site and views shaped the design.","period_of_significance":"1955","architect_builder":"Wright, Frank Lloyd","architectural_style":"Modern Movement/Wrightian: Usonian","criteria":["C"],"status_note":"Still in use as a single dwelling; described as unaltered and retaining integrity of design and setting.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:52:07.702849-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/96001622.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/96001622/619cadcdf2-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/96001622/619cadcdf2-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","author":"Marykeiran","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Penfield_House_May_2013.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Marykeiran</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Penfield_House_May_2013.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71989567","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Penfield_House","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6687955"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/ohio/lake-county/penfield-louis-a-house-96001622/"}