{"nrhp_refnum":"94000458","name":"Kennedy-Wade's Mill Historic District (Boundary Increase)","other_names":["McFadden house, Buffalo Springs Farm, VDHR Nos. 81-33 and 81"],"category":"district","location":{"address":"VA 606 (Raphine Rd.), 2000 ft. NE of jct. with VA 721","address_restricted":false,"city":"Raphine","county":"Rockbridge County","state":"VA","lat":37.94822874000005,"lon":-79.28880245293922,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1994-05-26","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture","Industry"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A rural mill community on Otts Creek along SR 606 near Raphine, Rockbridge County, Virginia, on about 113 acres. It includes a gristmill, a ca. 1793 brick farmhouse, a miller's house, an assistant miller's house, a 1913 frame house and related outbuildings.","why_significant":"The district is presented as an excellent example of an early mill complex in the Valley of Virginia, one of the few continuously operating mills in the region. Its buildings show changing rural vernacular architecture from the late eighteenth through early twentieth centuries. The mill and its houses also document the area's industrial and agricultural history.","narrative":"Along Otts Creek near Raphine in Rockbridge County, a cluster of farm and mill buildings spread across about 113 acres forms a working mill community of the Shenandoah Valley. The centerpiece is a three-story gristmill of limestone and board-and-batten frame, rebuilt around 1877 after a fire and still fed by an overshot wheel. Nearby stand a Flemish-bond brick farmhouse from about 1793, enlarged in 1841, a frame miller's house expanded in the 1890s, an assistant miller's house of 1900, and a frame I-house of 1913 built by a former assistant miller. Springhouses, bank barns, smokehouses, chickenhouses and a corncrib complete the group. Together they illustrate vernacular building forms in western Virginia from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century, and they record how milling shaped local farming and trade. The surrounding landscape remains rural, which preserves the setting of one of the region's few continuously operating mills.","period_of_significance":"ca. 1793-1913","architect_builder":"unknown","architectural_style":"Early Republic/Federal; I-house","criteria":[],"status_note":"Mill continuously operating and recently restored; houses in residential use, with the miller's house under renovation.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:51:59.881888-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/20/6834/41683420/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/94000458.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/94000458/d9409bb34b-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/94000458/d9409bb34b-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY 3.0","author":"Morgan Riley","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wade%27s_Mill,_Raphine,_Virginia.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\">Morgan Riley</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wade%27s_Mill,_Raphine,_Virginia.JPG"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41683420","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy-Wade_Mill","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6389577"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/rockbridge-county/kennedy-wades-mill-historic-district-boundary-increase-94000458/"}