{"nrhp_refnum":"93001486","name":"Tewksbury State Hospital","other_names":["State Almhouse and Infirmary"],"category":"district","location":{"address":"Jct. of East and Livingston Sts.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Tewksbury","county":"Middlesex County","state":"MA","lat":42.608505500000064,"lon":-71.21375815646263,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1994-01-21","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Health/Medicine","Architecture","Social History","Agriculture"],"significance_levels":["state","local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A district of 62 contributing resources on East Street in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, that began as a state almshouse in 1852-1854 and grew into a hospital and infirmary campus of mostly early twentieth-century brick buildings, landscaped quadrangles and farmland.","why_significant":"The campus illustrates the evolution of Massachusetts public care for the poor, from an 1854 almshouse built in response to Irish immigration to a hospital and infirmary for the chronically ill and insane. It has many well-designed buildings, several by Boston architect John A. Fox, and retains its landscapes and agricultural setting. It offers more variety in style and period than most campuses in the state hospital system.","narrative":"Tewksbury State Hospital occupies a campus on East Street in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, that began as one of three state almshouses opened in 1854. The almshouse was created after a wave of Irish immigration overwhelmed town poorhouses, and it admitted more than 2,000 paupers in its first year. Its original wooden buildings were later replaced. Around 1900 the site was enlarged and converted into a hospital and infirmary. Most surviving buildings date from the early twentieth century, including the 1894 Queen Anne Administration Building and the 1901 Male Asylum, both designed by Boston architect John A. Fox. Red brick walls, fieldstone foundations and slate roofs unify the varied styles. The grounds keep the nineteenth-century almshouse quadrangle, fieldstone pools, mature trees, farm fields and woodland. The district was listed for its architecture, landscape and role in the state's care of the poor and mentally ill. Later parking lots and the 1962 Saunders Building detract in places.","period_of_significance":null,"architect_builder":"John A. Fox (Boston architect); G. C. Adams, probably George C. Adams of Lawrence (Chapel)","architectural_style":"Late Victorian (Queen Anne, Romanesque); Late 19th & 20th Century Revivals (Colonial, Classical, Tudor); Craftsman; Federal","criteria":[],"status_note":"Current function is listed as vacant. Historic buildings changed little until 1992, when new patients arrived; some alterations and a large 1962 building are noncontributing.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:13:04.737999-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/94/7920/63792094/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_MA/93001486.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/93001486/16d499c01b-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/93001486/16d499c01b-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY 3.0","author":"John Phelan","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tewksbury_Hospital,_Old_Administration_Building,_MA.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">John Phelan</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tewksbury_Hospital,_Old_Administration_Building,_MA.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/63792094","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tewksbury_Hospital","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7707206"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/massachusetts/middlesex-county/tewksbury-state-hospital-93001486/"}