{"nrhp_refnum":"93001126","name":"Mackey, William, House","other_names":["Pioneer Estate","81-39"],"category":"building","location":{"address":"VA 716, .5 mi SE of jct. with US 11","address_restricted":false,"city":"Cornwall","county":"Rockbridge County","state":"VA","lat":37.83472334800007,"lon":-79.34511209180427,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1993-10-29","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A three-bay, two-story I-house of irregularly coursed limestone rubble on SR 716 near Cornwall, Rockbridge County, Virginia, built in 1796 for William Mackey, with a surrounding farm complex of outbuildings and barns.","why_significant":"The house illustrates the shift from rough frontier log dwellings to permanent stone houses with classical detailing in the Shenandoah Valley in the late eighteenth century. It survives with little alteration and retains most of its original interior woodwork. It is described as a rare example of eighteenth-century middle-Shenandoah Valley stone architecture, set in an almost unchanged rural landscape.","narrative":"Built in 1796 for William Mackey, this limestone I-house sits in a secluded valley east of Timber Ridge in Rockbridge County. A date stone in the west gable reads \"WM/1796,\" and family papers preserve receipts for nails and window glass from that year. The house has three bays, a gable roof, interior end chimneys and a bold cornice with modillions and dentils. Inside, it keeps its Georgian stair, mantels, six-panel doors, walnut window and door trim, and hand-planed board partitions. A porch and rear wing were added around 1900. The farm was established by William's father, John Mackey, a Scottish immigrant who bought the land in 1756. The nomination presents the house as a rare surviving example of Shenandoah Valley stone building, blending classical design with vernacular practice. Four older outbuildings, a bank barn and a granary also contribute. The house has been unoccupied since the 1960s and is undergoing rehabilitation.","period_of_significance":"1796-1900","architect_builder":"unknown","architectural_style":"Early Republic; Other: I-House","criteria":["C"],"status_note":"The house has been unoccupied since the 1960s and the owner has begun a long-term rehabilitation. Several outbuildings are in varying states of disrepair.","vacant_flag":true,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:52:00.768473-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/68/6833/41683368/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/93001126.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/93001126/7f580ef98b-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/93001126/7f580ef98b-1600.webp","licence":"Public domain","author":"Nyttend","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Mackey_House_on_Timber_Ridge.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Nyttend</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Mackey_House_on_Timber_Ridge.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41683368","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mackey_House_(Cornwall,_Virginia)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16894440"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/rockbridge-county/mackey-william-house-93001126/"}