{"nrhp_refnum":"90002193","name":"Monterosa","other_names":["Neptune Lodge","DHR File No. 156-20"],"category":"building","location":{"address":"343 Culpeper St.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Warrenton","county":"Fauquier County","state":"VA","lat":38.70766959700006,"lon":-77.80018307499995,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1991-01-25","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Politics/Government","Architecture"],"significance_levels":["state"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"Monterosa (also called Neptune Lodge) is a stuccoed brick two-and-a-half-story house with outbuildings on a three-acre site at 343 Culpeper Street, Warrenton, Virginia. The house dates from about 1847-1848, and the site includes a large Italianate brick stable.","why_significant":"It is significant under Criterion B as the main residence of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, twice governor of Virginia, a congressman and a Confederate general. It is also significant under Criterion C for its extraordinary Italianate brick stable, notable for its scale. Later changes by James K. Maddux, a founder of the Warrenton Hunt, turned the house into a Colonial Revival dwelling.","narrative":"Monterosa, also known as Neptune Lodge, occupies a three-acre hillock a half-mile south of the Fauquier County Courthouse in Warrenton. The brick house was begun about 1847 for William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, who served as Virginia's governor from 1846 to 1849 and again from 1864 to 1865, and who also sat in Congress and served as a Confederate general. A rear addition followed about 1856. Around 1856-1857 Smith built a 164-foot Italianate brick stable with a central gabled pavilion and cupola, which remains the property's best-known feature. James K. Maddux, a leader in founding the Warrenton Hunt, bought the estate in 1895 and gradually remade the house in Colonial Revival style, adding classical dormers, a revised porch and named rooms. A fire in 1921 prompted further changes. Other contributing buildings include a brick smokehouse and a two-story dwelling called the Office. The property is recognized for Smith's career and for its architecture.","period_of_significance":"1847-ca.1935","architect_builder":"not known","architectural_style":"Italianate; Colonial Revival","criteria":["B","C"],"status_note":"The house is a single dwelling with an upper-story apartment. The stable's north wing is a rented apartment, the Office is a dwelling, and the south wing of the stable is used for farm vehicle storage.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:52:01.268583-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/65/6806/41680665/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/90002193.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/90002193/7a019a7caf-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/90002193/7a019a7caf-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0","author":"Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MONTEROSA,_WARRENTON,_FAUQUIER_COUNTY.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MONTEROSA,_WARRENTON,_FAUQUIER_COUNTY.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41680665","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monterosa_(Warrenton,_Virginia)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14712880"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/fauquier-county/monterosa-90002193/"}