{"nrhp_refnum":"85000069","name":"Piqua-Caldwell Historic District","other_names":["See Also:Fort Piqua Hotel"],"category":"district","location":{"address":"N. Main, Wayne, Downing, Caldwell Sts; W. Ash to Camp Sts.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Piqua","county":"Miami County","state":"OH","lat":40.142777970000054,"lon":-84.2395910041391,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1985-01-11","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Industry","Architecture"],"significance_levels":["state"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A 23-block historic district northeast of the public square in Piqua, Miami County, Ohio, made up mainly of elite residences, four blocks of Main Street commercial buildings, nine churches and one industrial complex. It contains 295 structures, 38 of them intrusions.","why_significant":"The district is the central core of Piqua, platted in 1807, and holds many of the city's earliest and finest Federal, Greek Revival, Italianate and Queen Anne buildings. It reflects Piqua's growth from river port to canal town to industrial city. The nomination ties its importance to events of local and state-wide significance, including quarrying, the land office, the Miami-Erie Canal and later industry.","narrative":"This 23-block district northeast of Piqua's public square preserves the city's historic center. Bounded by the Great Miami River on the north and the Miami-Erie Canal on the east, it includes four blocks of commercial buildings along North Main Street, nine churches, one industrial complex and a large enclave of residences on Wayne, Downing and Caldwell Streets. Housing ranges from the 1822 Henry Kitchen house, the oldest building in the district, to the 1921 Spiker mansion. Wayne Street holds some of the city's purest Greek Revival and Federal examples, while Downing and Caldwell Streets display more elaborate Victorian and later designs built as industry brought wealth between 1870 and 1910. Main Street shops once backed onto the canal and many still have entrances on both sides. The district takes its name from early landowner Matthew Caldwell. Its importance rests on Piqua's role as a river port, quarrying center, land office town, canal city and later industrial community.","period_of_significance":null,"architect_builder":"Harvey H. Hiestand, Dayton (Spiker house); Albert Irwin, Piqua (Orr house); Cummins Scudder, Piqua (Dorsey house); W.F. Stillwell, Lafayette, IN (Orr-Flesh Building)","architectural_style":"Federal, Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial/Georgian Revival, Victorian commercial, and other mixed styles","criteria":[],"status_note":"Residential integrity is described as high. The commercial core has lost ground to a mall and shopping centers, some buildings are altered and some are vacant.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:53:14.629741-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/85000069.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/85000069/ac551da131-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/85000069/ac551da131-1600.webp","licence":"Public domain","author":"Nyttend","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:North_Main_in_the_Piqua-Caldwell_HD.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Nyttend</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:North_Main_in_the_Piqua-Caldwell_HD.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71990325","wikipedia":null,"wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49543580"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/ohio/miami-county/piqua-caldwell-historic-district-85000069/"}