{"nrhp_refnum":"84000941","name":"Main Road","other_names":["Grand Avenue","Stafford Road"],"category":"structure","location":{"address":"Cumberland Island","address_restricted":false,"city":"St. Marys","county":"Camden County","state":"GA","lat":30.833709794500038,"lon":-81.45810161254494,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1984-02-13","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Transportation"],"significance_levels":["state"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A roughly 13-mile shell-based road running north-south along Cumberland Island, from Dungeness in the south to near High Point and the Half Moon Bluff settlement in the north, in Camden County, Georgia.","why_significant":"The road is significant in the area of transportation. It has linked the island's antebellum plantations, and later the whole island, for about 150 years as the main north-south route. The Carnegie family brought it into its present alignment and added riding and hunting trails branching from it.","narrative":"Running about 13 miles down the length of Cumberland Island, this 8-to-10-foot-wide shell-surfaced road connects Dungeness in the south with the High Point and Half Moon Bluff area in the north. It passes through live oak, pine and palmetto woods as well as open ground. An 1802 map shows a road that only linked plantation homes and fields, and parts of today's route follow that line. A continuous north-south road appears on maps from around 1870. Plantation owners such as the Millers and Robert Stafford needed roads wide enough for carriages and for hauling timber and cotton. Later the Carnegie family, with electric cars and automobiles, had the road improved and brought it into its present alignment, adding riding and hunting trails. It links Greyfield, Stafford, Plum Orchard and Rayfield along the way. Listed for its role in transportation, it remains the island's primary route. North of Brickhill Bluff the current road lies west of the 1870 alignment.","period_of_significance":null,"architect_builder":null,"architectural_style":null,"criteria":["A"],"status_note":"Described as in good to average condition; maintained from Dungeness to Plum Orchard and more primitive north of Plum Orchard, and still serving as the island's primary transportation link.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:55:41.084867-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_GA/84000941.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/84000941/16ef054823-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/84000941/16ef054823-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","author":"RyderAce","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Road,_Cumberland_Island,_Georgia,_United_States.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">RyderAce</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Road,_Cumberland_Island,_Georgia,_United_States.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/93205908","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Road_(Cumberland_Island)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39073144"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/georgia/camden-county/main-road-84000941/"}