{"nrhp_refnum":"83004124","name":"Ironstone Mill Housing and Cellar Hole","other_names":[],"category":"building","location":{"address":"Ironstone St.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Uxbridge","county":"Worcester County","state":"MA","lat":42.027499513000066,"lon":-71.60908578799996,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1983-10-07","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Industry","Architecture"],"significance_levels":["state"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A brick former industrial workers' housing building, built about 1820 on Ironstone Street in Uxbridge, Massachusetts, together with the adjacent cellar hole of the Ironstone Mill on the same lot.","why_significant":"The building is argued to be an early and rare example of industrial workers' housing, probably built by William Arnold around 1820 when power looms were installed in the mill. The cellar hole retains water channels from the mill's operation. The property is tied to the early development of textile manufacturing and workers' housing in Uxbridge.","narrative":"Along Ironstone Street in Uxbridge stands a brick building from about 1820 that is considered an early and rare example of housing built for industrial workers. It rises from a high basement of squared granite rubble, with a first storey of common-bond brick, one room deep and divided by a central chimney. The north side keeps its original symmetrical arrangement of windows and a door. Its plan suggests a double cottage or boarding house, and its fenestration resembles 1820s workers' housing at Hecla Village and Happy Hollow. It was probably one of two tenements William Arnold is reported to have built when he installed power looms in the Ironstone Mill. Just west lies the cellar hole of that mill, built in 1814-1815, rebuilt in 1832-1836 after a fire, and partly repaired after another fire in 1865. Stone water channels still run from the reservoir dam through the cellar to Forge Brook, though no water now flows. A plaque reading 1771 appears to be mistaken.","period_of_significance":null,"architect_builder":"Architect unknown; probably built by William Arnold (original owner, noted with a question mark)","architectural_style":"Federalist/Utilitarian","criteria":["A","C","D"],"status_note":"Used as a residence; the mill cellar hole no longer has water flowing through it. Modern garage and shed on the lot.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:11:56.396768-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/71/7934/63793471/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_MA/83004124.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/83004124/35cc047fe5-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/83004124/35cc047fe5-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0","author":"John Phelan","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ironstone_Rd,_Ironstone_MA.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">John Phelan</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ironstone_Rd,_Ironstone_MA.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/63793471","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironstone,_Massachusetts","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073258"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/massachusetts/worcester-county/ironstone-mill-housing-and-cellar-hole-83004124/"}