{"nrhp_refnum":"80002710","name":"Public School 35","other_names":["Public School 135","East Side International Community Center,I"],"category":"building","location":{"address":"931 1st Ave.","address_restricted":false,"city":"New York","county":"Manhattan","state":"NY","lat":40.75471336700008,"lon":-73.96553247499997,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1980-10-27","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A four-story-plus-attic brick and brownstone former public schoolhouse at 931 First Avenue, at East 51st Street in the Turtle Bay area of Manhattan, designed in 1890 and completed in 1892.","why_significant":"It is one of the few 19th-century schoolhouses designed and built by the New York City Board of Education that is still standing. It was designed by Superintendent of School Buildings George W. Debevoise and is considered the finest and most sophisticated of his surviving buildings. It also reflects the city's civic pride in the late 1800s and Debevoise's structural innovations in school design.","narrative":"Rising four stories plus an attic at First Avenue and East 51st Street, this former public school was designed in 1890 by George W. Debevoise, the Board of Education's Superintendent of School Buildings, and finished in 1892. Pale yellow brick with brownstone trim, rusticated ground floors, a central frontispiece with a round arch, gabled end pavilions and a slate-clad pyramidal tower give it a bold Romanesque Revival look softened by Renaissance-style carved panels. C.B.J. Snyder later enlarged it, adding bays in 1893 and a rear extension in 1906. Inside, pressed-metal ceilings, cast-iron stairs and large classrooms survive. Debevoise designed over twenty schools, and only four remain; this is regarded as his finest. It also used innovations such as iron girders and improved heating and ventilation. The school served Turtle Bay until the city declared it surplus in 1967, and it now houses a community center serving the multi-ethnic neighborhood.","period_of_significance":"1890-92","architect_builder":"George W. Debevoise","architectural_style":"Romanesque Revival with neo-Renaissance ornament","criteria":[],"status_note":"Described as in excellent repair; no longer a public school since 1967, now occupied as an international community center.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:50:42.970366-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/80002710.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/80002710/55c3fea4fc-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/80002710/55c3fea4fc-1600.webp","licence":"CC0","author":"Jim.henderson","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PS_35_E51_St_1st_Av_sun_jeh.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim.henderson</a>, <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PS_35_E51_St_1st_Av_sun_jeh.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75319839","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.S._135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964759"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/new-york/manhattan/public-school-35-80002710/"}