{"nrhp_refnum":"80001001","name":"Ruff's Mill and Concord Covered Bridge","other_names":[],"category":"district","location":{"address":"10 Concord Rd., SW","address_restricted":false,"city":"Smyrna","county":"Cobb County","state":"GA","lat":33.84909074700005,"lon":-84.55839635399997,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1980-11-24","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Industry","Landscape Architecture","Historic - Non-Aboriginal","Military","Engineering","Transportation","Architecture"],"significance_levels":["state"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A small rural mill complex on Nickajack Creek in Smyrna, Cobb County, Georgia, made up of a miller's house (about 1850), a fieldstone gristmill, and the 1872 Concord Covered Bridge, on about 3.5 acres.","why_significant":"The nomination argues that the house, mill and bridge together show a once-common rural mill complex that has largely disappeared in Georgia. It cites industrial, military (the Battle of Ruff's Mill, July 4, 1864), transportation, architectural, landscape architectural and historic archaeological significance. The bridge is one of 17 remaining covered bridges in Georgia and one of two with a Queenpost truss.","narrative":"Along Nickajack Creek in Smyrna, Georgia, a miller's house, a gristmill and a covered bridge form a small rural mill complex. The house dates from about 1850 and follows the Plantation Plain form, later given Victorian touches. The fieldstone mill is an unusual example of antebellum stone construction, since most Georgia mills were wooden. The 1872 Concord Covered Bridge, built by Martin L. Ruff and Robert Daniell, is 133 feet long with Queenpost trusses of heart-pine and iron rods. It is one of 17 covered bridges left in Georgia and one of only two with this truss type. The mill survived the Battle of Ruff's Mill on July 4, 1864, part of the Atlanta Campaign. In the 1930s landscape architect William C. Pauley laid out formal gardens and terraces behind the house for Dr. Clinton Reed. Together the buildings, waterworks remains and bridge convey how such complexes once looked and worked.","period_of_significance":"1800-1899, 1900-","architect_builder":"Covered bridge built by Martin L. Ruff and Robert Daniell (1872); 1930s landscaping by William C. Pauley","architectural_style":"Plantation Plain (miller's house, with Victorian alterations); Queenpost truss covered bridge","criteria":[],"status_note":"The two-story mill has been used for some social events and now stands vacant. The miller's house is occupied as a private residence, and the bridge remains in day-to-day use.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:55:40.631697-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_GA/80001001.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/80001001/481dc9be48-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/80001001/481dc9be48-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0","author":"JERRYE AND ROY KLOTZ MD","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CONCORD_COVERED_BRIDGE,_COBB_COUNTY,_GEORGIA.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">JERRYE AND ROY KLOTZ MD</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CONCORD_COVERED_BRIDGE,_COBB_COUNTY,_GEORGIA.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/93207609","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruff%27s_Mill_and_Concord_Covered_Bridge","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58904102"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/georgia/cobb-county/ruffs-mill-and-concord-covered-bridge-80001001/"}