{"nrhp_refnum":"77001477","name":"Texas & Pacific Steam Locomotive No. 610","other_names":[],"category":"structure","location":{"address":"Felix and Hemphill Sts.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Fort Worth","county":"Tarrant County","state":"TX","lat":32.78913797000007,"lon":-97.34446734599999,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1977-03-25","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Engineering","Transportation","Invention"],"significance_levels":["national"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A 1927 steam locomotive, Texas & Pacific No. 610, built by the Lima Locomotive Works of Lima, Ohio, for the Texas & Pacific Railway. It is a 2-10-4 'Texas Type' engine, listed with a Fort Worth, Texas location.","why_significant":"It is the only surviving engine of the railroad's seventy 2-10-4 locomotives and one of only two remaining T&P steam locomotives. The 2-10-4 wheel arrangement was the first of its kind on an American railroad, built for heavy freight between Texarkana and El Paso. After restoration it was expected to be the largest operating steam locomotive in the world and to pull the American Freedom Train through Texas.","narrative":"Texas & Pacific No. 610 is a 725,200-pound steam locomotive built in 1927 by the Lima Locomotive Works of Ohio. It has a 2-10-4 wheel arrangement, the first used on an American railroad, with a four-wheel trailing truck that allowed a larger firebox and higher boiler pressure. The engine was designed for heavy freight hauls between Texarkana and El Paso and carried distinctive Texas & Pacific features, including a feed-water heater, square sand domes and nickel silver cylinder heads. Of seventy engines in the class, it alone survives, and it is one of only two remaining T&P steam locomotives. It ran more than 1.15 million miles before retirement in 1950, then was given to Fort Worth civic leader Amon Carter, Sr. and displayed in Will Rogers Park. A foundation formed in 1969 restored it, and in 1976 it pulled the American Freedom Train through Texas.","period_of_significance":"1927","architect_builder":"Lima Locomotive Works","architectural_style":"\"Texas Type\" 2-10-4 steam locomotive","criteria":[],"status_note":"Restored in 1975-76 and used to pull the Freedom Train through Texas; afterward stored temporarily in a federal warehouse in Fort Worth while a permanent site was sought.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:54:19.142303-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/46/9735/40973546/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_TX/77001477.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/77001477/ebc3fd19d7-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/77001477/ebc3fd19d7-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","author":"Renelibrary","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Texas_and_Pacific_Locomotive.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Renelibrary</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Texas_and_Pacific_Locomotive.jpg"},"district":{"nrhp_refnum":"76002067","name":"Fort Worth Stockyards Historic District","url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/districts/texas/fort-worth-stockyards-historic-district-76002067/"},"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/40973546","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_and_Pacific_610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7708225"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/texas/tarrant-county/texas-and-pacific-steam-locomotive-no-610-77001477/"}