{"nrhp_refnum":"77000438","name":"Long, Crawford W., Childhood Home","other_names":[],"category":"building","location":{"address":"Old Ila Rd.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Danielsville","county":"Madison County","state":"GA","lat":34.12623319900007,"lon":-83.22418394999994,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1977-12-06","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Science","Architecture"],"significance_levels":["national"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A two-story, two-over-two plantation plain style frame house on the edge of Danielsville, Madison County, Georgia, built about 1817-1820 by James Long as the family home of his son Crawford W. Long.","why_significant":"The house is the only surviving authentic structure tied to the life of Dr. Crawford W. Long, who first used ether as a surgical anesthetic in 1842. It is also argued to be a refined example of federal period architecture on the Georgia upper piedmont frontier, with quality interior paneling and graining.","narrative":"Set on a hill above Danielsville, Georgia, this frame house was built between 1817 and 1820 by James Long, a merchant, planter, clerk of court, postmaster and legislator who helped found the town. His son Crawford W. Long spent his childhood here until he left at fourteen for Franklin College. In 1842 Crawford Long used diethyl ether as an anesthetic during surgery, and the house is the only surviving authentic structure linked to his life. Local tradition called it his birthplace, but deed and tax research placed the house outside the 1813 town limits and showed it was built after his birth. Architecturally, the five-bay, two-over-two house has a heavy timber frame, stone foundations, two chimneys and paneled formal rooms. A pedimented federal-style porch was later replaced by a low shed roof. The interior remains largely unaltered, and the main block is in good condition. Frame outbuildings and rear additions stand nearby.","period_of_significance":"1800-1899","architect_builder":"James Long (built the house)","architectural_style":"Plantation plain style with federal period influence","criteria":[],"status_note":"Main block described as in good condition and easily restored; rear additions and several outbuildings are present, and only the well house is in good condition. Form marks the property as unoccupied.","vacant_flag":true,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:55:40.756141-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_GA/77000438.pdf"},"photo":null,"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/93208885","wikipedia":null,"wikidata":null},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/georgia/madison-county/long-crawford-w-childhood-home-77000438/"}