{"nrhp_refnum":"77000325","name":"Harada House","other_names":[],"category":"building","location":{"address":"3356 Lemon St.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Riverside","county":"Riverside County","state":"CA","lat":33.98509089950005,"lon":-117.36899121073502,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1977-09-15","is_nhl":true,"nhl_designated_date":"1990-12-14","areas_of_significance":["Asian","Law","Politics/Government"],"significance_levels":["national"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A two-story wood-frame house at 3356 Lemon Street in Riverside, California, originally a single-story saltbox cottage that may date to the 1880s and was enlarged with a second story in 1916.","why_significant":"The house was at the center of The People of California vs. Harada (1916-1918), the first test of the constitutionality of an alien land law in the United States. Jukichi Harada, ineligible for citizenship, put the property in the names of his American-born children. The court ruled in the family's favor, reinforcing the constitutional guarantees of American citizenship for children of immigrants.","narrative":"Originally a single-story saltbox cottage with shiplap siding and a wood shingle roof, this Riverside house at 3356 Lemon Street was expanded in 1916 with a second story containing four bedrooms and a bathroom. The earliest record of the building dates to 1893-94, and the ground floor may date to the 1880s. In December 1915, Jukichi Harada, a Japanese immigrant barred from citizenship and from owning land under California's Alien Land Law of 1913, bought the home in the names of his three American-born children. Neighbors objected, and the State of California sued to seize the property. The case, The People of California vs. Harada, drew attention as far as Japan. In 1918 Judge Hugh Craig ruled for the family, holding that American-born children were entitled to full constitutional protections. The house remained in the family through World War II, and its 1916 alterations survive largely intact.","period_of_significance":"1916+","architect_builder":"Original builder unknown; 1916 alteration by Harp Brothers","architectural_style":null,"criteria":[],"status_note":"Condition is marked as altered and the property is listed as occupied; most 1916 interior features reportedly remain intact. The house remained in the Harada family through World War II.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:55:31.398285-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_CA/77000325.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/77000325/ce5593bf0d-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/77000325/ce5593bf0d-1600.webp","licence":"Public domain","author":"MissionInn.Jim","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harada_House_20091024c.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">MissionInn.Jim</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harada_House_20091024c.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/123860476","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harada_House","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5653555"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/california/riverside-county/harada-house-77000325/"}