{"nrhp_refnum":"76002112","name":"Mitchell, Gen. William, House","other_names":["Boxwood","Gen. Billy Mitchell House"],"category":"building","location":{"address":"0.5 mi. S of Middleburg on VA 626","address_restricted":false,"city":"Middleburg","county":"Loudoun County","state":"VA","lat":38.96062952600005,"lon":-77.74591920605397,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1976-12-08","is_nhl":true,"nhl_designated_date":"1976-12-08","areas_of_significance":["Military","Engineering","Invention"],"significance_levels":["national"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"Boxwood, a 2 1/2-story fieldstone estate house with outbuildings on about 120 acres half a mile south of Middleburg, Virginia, straddling the Loudoun and Fauquier county line. The main section was built in 1826 by William Swart.","why_significant":"The house was the home of Gen. William \"Billy\" Mitchell from 1926 until his death in 1936, longer than any other address, and no other Mitchell residences survive. Mitchell was the first great American air war strategist and a founder of the U.S. Air Force. He wrote many of his works on air power here, and the house has not been significantly altered since his time.","narrative":"Boxwood is a fieldstone estate on about 120 acres south of Middleburg, Virginia, where Gen. William \"Billy\" Mitchell lived from 1926 until his death in 1936. William Swart built the main 2 1/2-story section in 1826. Mitchell's second wife, Elizabeth, bought the property in 1925 and added the southwest wing. The house is L-shaped, with white-painted porches and galleries set against tawny fieldstone walls, and the grounds include a caretaker's house, stable, guesthouse, barn, greenhouse and wellhouse. Mitchell was a leading advocate of air power who foresaw strategic bombardment and the role of aircraft in future wars. After his court-martial in 1925 and resignation from the Army in 1926, he kept promoting his ideas here through books, articles and speeches. He also hunted and rode with neighbors. No other Mitchell residence survives, and he lived here longer than anywhere else, which is the basis for the property's recognition.","period_of_significance":"1926-1936","architect_builder":"William Swart, William Mitchell","architectural_style":null,"criteria":[],"status_note":"Occupied as a private residence; described as in excellent condition and not significantly altered since the Mitchells lived there.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:51:57.499937-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/79/6790/41679079/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/76002112_NHL.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/76002112/0b005c68c6-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/76002112/0b005c68c6-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0","author":"JERRYE &amp; ROY KLOTZ MD","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GENERAL_BILLY_MITCHELL_HOUSE.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">JERRYE &amp;amp; ROY KLOTZ MD</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GENERAL_BILLY_MITCHELL_HOUSE.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41679079","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen._William_Mitchell_House","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5530838"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/loudoun-county/mitchell-gen-william-house-76002112/"}