{"nrhp_refnum":"75002109","name":"Chimneys, The","other_names":[],"category":"building","location":{"address":"623 Caroline St.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Fredericksburg (Independent City)","county":"Fredericksburg","state":"VA","lat":38.30055145700004,"lon":-77.45743980299994,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1975-04-03","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture"],"significance_levels":["state"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A two-story, hipped-roof Georgian house at 623 Caroline Street in Fredericksburg, Virginia, built in the last quarter of the 18th century, probably by John Glassell soon after he bought the lot in 1771.","why_significant":"The house is an important example of the city's Georgian architecture and visually terminates the group of early buildings along the Caroline Street business district. It has exceptional interior woodwork, especially in the southwest room, probably by the same unknown craftsman who decorated Federal Hill. Its two enormous chimney stacks give it its name.","narrative":"Two massive brick end chimneys give The Chimneys its name. The house, at 623 Caroline Street in Fredericksburg, is a two-story, hipped-roof building of about 50 by 34 feet on a stone basement. It was probably built by John Glassell, a Scottish merchant, soon after he bought the lot in 1771, and it stood at its present size by 1796. Glassell returned to Scotland at the start of the Revolution and may have left the interiors unfinished, which could explain differences in the woodwork and signs that it was built in two stages. Inside, the southwest room has raised-panel wainscoting, Wall-of-Troy fretwork, latticework window heads and a garlanded overmantel, likely by the craftsman who decorated Federal Hill. Terraced garden remnants run toward the Rappahannock River. The house is valued as a Georgian example and as the visual end of the Caroline Street group of early buildings. It is now used for offices.","period_of_significance":"18th Century","architect_builder":"Probably built by John Glassell (1771)","architectural_style":"Georgian","criteria":[],"status_note":"Condition listed as good and altered, on its original site; used as offices for charitable agencies. The setting is protected by an open-space easement granted in March 1974.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:51:56.523833-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/37/6808/41680837/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/75002109.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/75002109/b21dc9ee0d-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/75002109/b21dc9ee0d-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0","author":"Wikipelli","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Chimneys_(Fredericksburg,_Virginia).png\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipelli</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Chimneys_(Fredericksburg,_Virginia).png"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41680837","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chimneys_(Fredericksburg,_Virginia)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14713295"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/fredericksburg/chimneys-the-75002109/"}