{"nrhp_refnum":"72000221","name":"Calaveras County Courthouse","other_names":["5th County Seat - 1867-1966"],"category":"building","location":{"address":"Main St.","address_restricted":false,"city":"San Andreas","county":"Calaveras County","state":"CA","lat":38.19671385600003,"lon":-120.68027286499995,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1972-02-28","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Other","Politics/Government","Social History"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A two-story brick county courthouse on Main Street in San Andreas, Calaveras County, California, erected in 1867 and used as the county's fifth county seat building until 1966.","why_significant":"The building served as the political and administrative center of Calaveras County for a full century, from 1867 to 1966. It housed the county offices, courtroom, sheriff's office and jail. It is also tied to the trial of the stagecoach robber Charles Bolton, known as \"Black Bart\".","narrative":"Built in 1867 in San Andreas, this two-story brick building served as the Calaveras County courthouse until 1966, when a new Government Center opened on the east edge of town. San Andreas was the last of five county seats the county had in its first sixteen years, as the mining population shifted. The courthouse held the courtroom, sheriff's office, county offices and a jail at the rear of the first floor, with wooden cells built of pine planking. Iron doors and shutters protected the openings, and the bricks and mortar lime were made locally. Executions took place in the jail yard, the last in 1888. The building is also known for the trial of Charles Bolton, the stagecoach highwayman \"Black Bart\", who was convicted here and sent to San Quentin. A separate Hall of Records was added at the front of the lot in 1893. Settling of the stone foundation has cracked some walls.","period_of_significance":"19th Century","architect_builder":null,"architectural_style":null,"criteria":[],"status_note":"Listed in deteriorated condition: poor foundations caused settling and cracked walls, with some repairs done and more needed. Now used as a museum; the county built a new Government Center in 1966.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:55:31.978503-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_CA/72000221.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/72000221/489f6e2e18-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/72000221/489f6e2e18-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY 3.0","author":"Bobak Ha'Eri","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2009-0724-CA-SanAndreas-CalaverasCtyCt.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Bobak Ha'Eri</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2009-0724-CA-SanAndreas-CalaverasCtyCt.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/123858468","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calaveras_County_Courthouse","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14681682"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/california/calaveras-county/calaveras-county-courthouse-72000221/"}