{"nrhp_refnum":"69000241","name":"Bremo Plantation","other_names":["Bremo","Lower Bremo","Bremo Recess"],"category":"district","location":{"address":"W of Bremo Bluff off U.S. 15","address_restricted":false,"city":"Bremo Bluff","county":"Fluvanna County","state":"VA","lat":37.729557659500045,"lon":-78.32148793774479,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"1969-11-12","is_nhl":true,"nhl_designated_date":"1971-11-11","areas_of_significance":["Architecture","Agriculture"],"significance_levels":["national"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"Bremo Plantation is a district of about 2,975 acres near Bremo Bluff in Fluvanna County, Virginia, overlooking the James River. It contains the main house Upper Bremo (completed 1820), Bremo Recess, Lower Bremo and many farm and outbuildings associated with General John Hartwell Cocke.","why_significant":"The nomination argues the group of houses and farm buildings is one of the most remarkable collections of ante-bellum structures in the country. Upper Bremo is a leading example of the Jeffersonian Palladian tradition, and the whole property reflects the taste of Cocke, a prominent planter and reformer shaped by his friend Thomas Jefferson.","narrative":"Bremo Plantation is a large estate of roughly 2,975 acres above the James River in Fluvanna County, Virginia. It includes nearly a dozen structures of architectural interest. The principal house, Upper Bremo, was completed in 1820 for General John Hartwell Cocke in the Palladian style associated with Thomas Jefferson, with a Tuscan portico, Chinese lattice railings and high-ceilinged principal rooms. Master carpenter John Neilson, who had worked at Monticello, gave the house its final form. Around 1844 Cocke rebuilt two smaller houses, Bremo Recess and Lower Bremo, in a Jacobean manner with curved gables and clustered chimneys. Farm buildings include a stone barn with a Tuscan portico, a milk house, a stable, rare pise slave quarters, a slave chapel and a relocated Temperance monument. Cocke was a planter, soldier and reformer active in agriculture, colonization, temperance and education. The property was listed because the whole group reflects his taste and Jefferson's influence.","period_of_significance":null,"architect_builder":"John Neilson, master carpenter (final architect of Upper Bremo), with advice from Thomas Jefferson and a Richmond architect named Conneley; built for General John Hartwell Cocke","architectural_style":"Palladian (Upper Bremo); Jacobean (Bremo Recess and Lower Bremo)","criteria":[],"status_note":"Condition marked fair; Upper Bremo described as preserved with few changes and undergoing a long-term renovation. Present use listed as private residence and agricultural.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:51:56.965441-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/9/6807/41680709/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/69000241.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/69000241/89cd4e56b9-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/69000241/89cd4e56b9-1600.webp","licence":"Public domain","author":"Historic American Buildings Survey","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bremo_Plantation_(Fluvanna_County,_Virginia).jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Historic American Buildings Survey</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bremo_Plantation_(Fluvanna_County,_Virginia).jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41680709","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremo_Historic_District","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4960593"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/fluvanna-county/bremo-plantation-69000241/"}