{"nrhp_refnum":"12000600","name":"Usonia Historic District","other_names":["Usonia Homes: A Cooperative, Inc.","Usonia Homes Incorporated"],"category":"district","location":{"address":"Usonia & Rocky Vale Rds., Laurel Hill & Orchard Brook Drs.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Pleasantville","county":"Westchester County","state":"NY","lat":41.128713818500046,"lon":-73.74778875436076,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"2012-09-05","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Community Planning and Development","Architecture","Landscape Architecture"],"significance_levels":["national"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A residential historic district of about ninety-seven acres in the town of Mount Pleasant near Pleasantville, Westchester County, New York, planned in 1947 by Frank Lloyd Wright for a cooperative community and built up with houses between 1949 and 1964.","why_significant":"The district is significant as a cooperative community laid out on a site plan by Frank Lloyd Wright, preserving the wooded topography around circular building lots. Nearly all of its houses were designed by Wright or his followers in the spirit of his Usonian and organic architecture principles. Both the plan and the buildings retain an outstanding level of integrity.","narrative":"Usonia is a wooded residential community in northeastern Westchester County, New York, built by a cooperative that bought ninety-seven acres in 1946. Frank Lloyd Wright prepared the site plan, which David Henken and Aaron Resnick modestly revised with his approval. Fifty-five circular one-acre building sites were first proposed, later reshaped into fewer, slightly larger lots, while the land between them stayed wooded and held in common. Houses were built from 1949 to 1964, and most went up before 1955. Wright designed three, Henken thirteen and Resnick another thirteen, with the rest by other architects. Typical houses are long and low, with concrete slabs, radiant floor heating, stone or brick chimneys, horizontal cypress siding, deep eaves, carports and terraces that connect indoor and outdoor space. Narrow roads follow the contours, fences are not allowed, and native plantings blur property lines. The district is recognized for this combination of planned landscape and organic architecture, which has kept a high degree of integrity.","period_of_significance":null,"architect_builder":"Frank Lloyd Wright (site plan and three houses); David Henken; Aaron Resnick; Ted Bower; Kaneji Domoto; Schweikher & Elting; George Nemeny; Ulrich Franzen; Warner and Leeds; David Leavitt","architectural_style":"Modern (Usonian, organic architecture)","criteria":[],"status_note":"Residential community in continued use as single dwellings; plan and architecture retain an outstanding level of integrity, with a few houses substantially altered and several rebuilt on original plans.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:50:48.370217-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/12000600.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/12000600/ad596d730a-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/12000600/ad596d730a-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","author":"Stilfehler","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roland_Reisley_House_03.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Stilfehler</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roland_Reisley_House_03.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75323279","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usonia_Historic_District","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7902083"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/new-york/westchester-county/usonia-historic-district-12000600/"}