{"nrhp_refnum":"09001222","name":"Curles Neck Farm","other_names":["Curl's Neck Plantation"],"category":"building","location":{"address":"4705 Curles Neck Rd.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Henrico","county":"Henrico County","state":"VA","lat":37.389596098000055,"lon":-77.29338150039501,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"2009-12-22","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture","Agriculture"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"Curles Neck Farm is a 156-acre agricultural property at 4705 Curles Neck Road in Henrico County, Virginia, carved from a larger historic farm on the Curles Neck peninsula along the James River. Its centerpiece is a ca. 1896 Colonial Revival brick mansion with farm buildings built mostly between ca. 1896 and ca. 1917.","why_significant":"The nomination argues the property is significant in architecture for its high-style Colonial Revival mansion and in agriculture for its long operation as a working farm. The 156 acres preserve the core of the farm developed by Charles H. Senff from 1892, later used for horse breeding and racing by C.K.G. Billings and then as a dairy. Its farm laborers' houses, barns, store and office show how a large early twentieth-century farm operated.","narrative":"Curles Neck Farm occupies 156 acres of cultivated fields and pasture on the Curles Neck peninsula in Henrico County, about fifteen miles southeast of Richmond. The parcel is a small part of a once 3,250-acre farm that has been worked since the 1630s. Its focal point is a ca. 1896 Colonial Revival mansion built for New York financier Charles H. Senff as a winter home. Red and blue-glazed brick laid in Flemish bond, a belvedere, copper dormers and a riverside Ionic portico mark the house. Around it stand a stable, blacksmith and carpentry shop, stallion barn, store and farm office, four laborers' houses, two pump houses, a fountain and a designed landscape. Senff ran a productive grain and Red Polled cattle operation, and C.K.G. Billings later bred horses here from 1913. A dairy began in 1917 and was sold in 1943. The property was listed for its architecture and its role in the region's agricultural history.","period_of_significance":"1892-1943","architect_builder":"Charles H. Senff.","architectural_style":"Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals: Colonial Revival; Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements: Craftsman","criteria":["A","C"],"status_note":"The mansion's current function is listed as work in progress; some laborers' housing, a pump house and the store/farm office are vacant or not in use, while the fields remain under cultivation. The landside porch is mostly missing.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:52:02.563274-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/33/6812/41681233/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/09001222.pdf"},"photo":null,"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41681233","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curles_Neck_Plantation","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5194819"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/henrico-county/curles-neck-farm-09001222/"}