{"nrhp_refnum":"09000615","name":"Orlean Historic District","other_names":["030-5159"],"category":"district","location":{"address":"Area including parts of John Barnton Payne and Leeds Manor Rds.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Orlean","county":"Fauquier County","state":"VA","lat":38.74759596550007,"lon":-77.95975868642657,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"2009-08-14","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture","Commerce"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A rural crossroads village historic district of about 80 acres in Orlean, northwestern Fauquier County, Virginia, along Leeds Manor and John Barton Payne roads. It contains buildings from the late 18th to mid-20th century.","why_significant":"The district documents Orlean's long history as a crossroads and rural commercial center, with a post office dating to 1817 and stores, churches, a school and dwellings. It preserves a varied set of vernacular and styled buildings, including an African-American enclave with a church and cemetery. It is also tied to early Smith and Payne families, including Judge John Barton Payne.","narrative":"Orlean is a small crossroads village in northwestern Fauquier County, Virginia, whose 80-acre historic district holds about two dozen properties dating from the late 18th century to the mid-20th century. Dwellings, outbuildings, stores, a post office, a former school, two churches and cemeteries line Leeds Manor and John Barton Payne roads. The oldest building is Orlean Farm House, begun around 1795 as a log house and enlarged in stone in 1812. Most buildings are vernacular, with examples of Federal, Greek Revival and Queen Anne styles. The village grew from Thomas Lord Fairfax's Leeds Manor, gained a post office in 1817, and served as a commercial center with stores, a tavern and a doctor's office. The Smith and Payne families shaped its early history, and Judge John Barton Payne was born here in 1855. At the south end, an African-American neighborhood includes Providence Baptist Church and a cemetery.","period_of_significance":null,"architect_builder":null,"architectural_style":"Federal, Greek Revival, Queen Anne, Bungalow/Craftsman, and Vernacular","criteria":[],"status_note":"Most buildings are in use as residences, a church, and a former store; the former Orlean School is now a residence, and an old post office building is abandoned.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:52:02.72625-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/21/6806/41680621/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/09000615.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/09000615/98afe1ae08-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/09000615/98afe1ae08-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","author":"Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ORLEAN_HISTORIC_DISTRICT,_FAUQUIER_COUNTY.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ORLEAN_HISTORIC_DISTRICT,_FAUQUIER_COUNTY.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41680621","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlean_Historic_District","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14713033"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/fauquier-county/orlean-historic-district-09000615/"}