{"nrhp_refnum":"09000270","name":"Thomas, Alma, House","other_names":[],"category":"building","location":{"address":"411 21st St.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Columbus","county":"Muscogee County","state":"GA","lat":32.48447490800004,"lon":-84.98695324599998,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"2009-10-20","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture","Other","Black"],"significance_levels":["national","local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A one-story, wood-framed Queen Anne-style house at 411 21st Street in the Rose Hill neighborhood of Columbus, Muscogee County, Georgia, built c. 1889 by Amelia Cantey and John Harris Thomas.","why_significant":"The house was the childhood home of African-American artist Alma Thomas, who lived there from 1891 to 1907. It is also tied to a prominent African-American family that bought a home in a predominantly white neighborhood during the Jim Crow era. It is additionally a good local example of Queen Anne architecture.","narrative":"Built around 1889 in Columbus, Georgia's Rose Hill neighborhood, this one-story Queen Anne-style house has a hipped roof with small front-facing gables, weatherboard siding, a recessed porch with turned posts, jigsaw ornament and a projecting three-sided bay. Inside, a wide central hall divides the rooms, and original wood floors, mantels and some 11-foot plaster ceilings survive. Amelia Cantey and John Harris Thomas, a locally prominent African-American couple, built the home in a predominantly white suburb, with help from a white relative who quietly arranged the sale. Their daughter, the artist Alma Thomas, was born there in 1891 and lived in the house until the family moved to Washington, D.C., in 1907. The nomination links her later art to childhood memories of her father's flower and rock garden and her mother's colorful dresses. The house is also considered a good local example of Queen Anne design. It now serves professional offices.","period_of_significance":"c.1889-1907","architect_builder":null,"architectural_style":"Late Victorian: Queen Anne Style","criteria":["A","B","C"],"status_note":"Now used for professional commercial purposes; rehabilitation was certified in 2003. The rear yard has become parking, and no landscape features from the period of significance remain.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:55:43.319949-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_GA/09000270.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/09000270/badda36902-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/09000270/badda36902-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","author":"Cyntata2672","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alma_Thomas_Queen_Anne_Victorian.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Cyntata2672</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alma_Thomas_Queen_Anne_Victorian.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/93209146","wikipedia":null,"wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134392407"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/georgia/muscogee-county/thomas-alma-house-09000270/"}