{"nrhp_refnum":"04001268","name":"Lexington and Covington Turnpike Toll House","other_names":["VDHR file no. 117-0042"],"category":"building","location":{"address":"453 Lime Kiln Rd.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Lexington","county":"Lexington","state":"VA","lat":37.78665917300003,"lon":-79.45415481099997,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"2004-11-27","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Transportation","Architecture"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A one-story brick and frame house at 453 Lime Kiln Road in Lexington, Virginia, begun about 1834 as a toll house on the Lexington & Covington Turnpike and enlarged in several stages afterward. A contributing spring house ruin is on the same lot.","why_significant":"The house is a surviving toll house from an early nineteenth-century turnpike that local leaders hoped would become part of a major east-west route. Its fabric records a sequence of additions from the 1860s to the early twentieth century. The form's section 8 and the criteria boxes are not fully legible in the supplied text, so the full basis of significance is only partly visible.","narrative":"Standing on a 0.39-acre lot at the corner of Lime Kiln Road and Enfield Road in Lexington, Virginia, this small house began as a two-room brick toll house built about 1834 for the Lexington & Covington Turnpike. It has a Flemish-bond front, a molded brick cornice and gable-end chimneys. Later owners added a board-and-batten frame ell in 1865-67, two plank-built rooms in the early 1870s, a Victorian porch possibly in 1887, weatherboard siding and a rear addition in the early twentieth century. Turnpike records name early toll keepers, who were paid with the use of the house and lot plus a share of collections. The company fell into debt and sold the road and four toll houses in 1855. The house deteriorated badly in the later twentieth century, then was stabilized and rehabilitated between 1997 and 2004. A ruined spring house on the lot is also counted as a contributing resource.","period_of_significance":null,"architect_builder":null,"architectural_style":"Federal; Victorian","criteria":[],"status_note":"Severely deteriorated in the second half of the twentieth century; stabilized and partly rehabilitated 1997-2004, with rehabilitation under the Secretary's Standards beginning in winter 2004. Historic and current function is listed as single dwelling.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:52:02.338741-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/20/6815/41681520/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/04001268.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/04001268/db466d73d0-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/04001268/db466d73d0-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0","author":"Stephanie G. RiCharde","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lexington_and_Covington_Turnpike_Toll_House.JPG\" rel=\"noopener\">Stephanie G. RiCharde</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lexington_and_Covington_Turnpike_Toll_House.JPG"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41681520","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington_and_Covington_Turnpike_Toll_House","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16894137"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/lexington/lexington-and-covington-turnpike-toll-house-04001268/"}