{"nrhp_refnum":"02000585","name":"Oaks, The","other_names":["Innes Hill","VDHR File No. 30-320"],"category":"district","location":{"address":"8457 Oaks Rd.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Warrenton","county":"Fauquier County","state":"VA","lat":38.68512075150005,"lon":-77.84659718177556,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"2002-05-30","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture","Landscape Architecture","Agriculture","Politics/Government"],"significance_levels":["state"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"The Oaks is a 151-acre private country estate district on Springs Road southwest of Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia, with a Neoclassical mansion built 1931-1933 and related farm and landscape features dating from 1928 to 1945.","why_significant":"The nomination argues the estate is significant for architecture, landscape architecture, agriculture and politics/government. The mansion was designed by architect W. H. Irwin Fleming, and the planned mansion landscape and working farm remain largely intact. It was created by the Rev. Paul Bowden and Margaret Spilman Bowden, and it also contains the site of an 1881 duel.","narrative":"The Oaks is a 151-acre country estate along Springs Road, about three and a half miles southwest of Warrenton in Fauquier County. Its centerpiece is a brick Neoclassical mansion built between 1931 and 1933 to designs by architect W. H. Irwin Fleming, with W. J. Hanback as builder. The house has a pedimented portico with Tower of the Winds columns and rubbed, glazed brick laid in English cross bond. Around it lie a designed landscape with a bowling green, lily pond, ha-ha wall and tree allees, plus a working farm with a tile barn, agent's cottage, greenhouse, log cabin and windmill. Thirteen contributing buildings date from 1928 to 1945. The estate was created by the Rev. Paul Bowden, longtime rector of St. James' Episcopal Church, and his wife Margaret Spilman Bowden. It is recognized for its architecture, landscape design, agricultural use and the site of an 1881 duel, and it has remained in the family's ownership.","period_of_significance":"1881; 1928-1951","architect_builder":"W. H. Irwin Fleming, Architect; W. J. Hanback, Builder","architectural_style":"Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals - Neo-Classical","criteria":["A","C"],"status_note":"The estate has stayed in family ownership since it was created and retains good to excellent integrity; the house and farm remain in residential and agricultural use.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:52:01.218471-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/53/6806/41680653/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/02000585.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/02000585/522296c8c7-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/02000585/522296c8c7-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0","author":"Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_OAKS,_WARRENTON,_FAUQUIER_COUNTY.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_OAKS,_WARRENTON,_FAUQUIER_COUNTY.jpg"},"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41680653","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oaks_(Warrenton,_Virginia)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14713320"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/fauquier-county/oaks-the-02000585/"}