{"nrhp_refnum":"01000690","name":"Frederick County Courthouse","other_names":["138-0007"],"category":"building","location":{"address":"20 N. Loudoun St.","address_restricted":false,"city":"Winchester","county":"Frederick County","state":"VA","lat":39.184032186000024,"lon":-78.16423049199994,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"2001-07-05","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Architecture","Politics/Government"],"significance_levels":["state"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A two-story brick Greek Revival courthouse at 20 North Loudoun Street in Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, built in 1840 on land set aside for public use in 1744 by James Wood.","why_significant":"The nomination calls it one of a few Greek Revival courthouses in Virginia and the third courthouse on its site. It served as a courthouse until 1984, and Union and Confederate troops used it as barracks, prison and hospital during the Civil War. Graffiti from that occupation was found during renovation, and the building is the centerpiece of the Winchester Historic District.","narrative":"Built in 1840, this two-story brick courthouse on North Loudoun Street in Winchester is a Greek Revival building with a pedimented Doric portico, a gabled terne-plate metal roof and a two-tiered wooden cupola. It is the third courthouse on land set aside for public use in 1744 by James Wood, the founder of Winchester. Baltimore architect Robert Cary Long is believed to have designed it, although no evidence has been found. During the Civil War, as Winchester changed hands many times, Union and Confederate troops used the building to bivouac, hold prisoners and treat the wounded. Renovation uncovered soldiers' graffiti on interior walls, and the second floor, once an opera house seating about five hundred, was being converted to a Civil War museum. A furnace fire in 1929 damaged the basement. The building served as a courthouse until 1984 and as county offices until 1997. A Confederate monument dedicated in 1916 stands on the grounds.","period_of_significance":"1840-1951","architect_builder":"Robert Cary Long, believed to be the designer, though evidence is not yet found","architectural_style":"Greek Revival","criteria":["A","C"],"status_note":"Used as a courthouse until 1984 and county offices until 1997; the second floor was being renovated as a Civil War museum, and the current function is listed as museum.","vacant_flag":null,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:52:01.036356-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/10/6808/41680810/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_VA/01000690.pdf"},"photo":{"url_800":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/01000690/2b02033ec7-800.webp","url_1600":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/media/01000690/2b02033ec7-1600.webp","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","author":"AgnosticPreachersKid","credit_html":"<a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Frederick_County_Courthouse_1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\">AgnosticPreachersKid</a>, <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Frederick_County_Courthouse_1.jpg"},"district":{"nrhp_refnum":"80004318","name":"Winchester Historic District","url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/districts/virginia/winchester-historic-district-80004318/"},"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41680810","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_County_Courthouse","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14712341"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/virginia/frederick-county/frederick-county-courthouse-01000690/"}