{"nrhp_refnum":"00000106","name":"Hayes Line Historic District","other_names":[],"category":"district","location":{"address":"Jct. of Twin Oaks Rd. and GA 233","address_restricted":false,"city":"Thomson","county":"McDuffie County","state":"GA","lat":33.46955323000006,"lon":-82.52032818600327,"geom_source":"nps_gis"},"listed_date":"2000-02-18","is_nhl":false,"nhl_designated_date":null,"areas_of_significance":["Black","Agriculture","Architecture"],"significance_levels":["local"],"summary":{"what_it_is":"A small rural tenant-farming community of 11 contributing and 2 noncontributing buildings, mostly one-story wood-frame houses, along Twin Oaks Road (formerly Hayes Line Road) just west of Thomson, McDuffie County, Georgia. Development began in 1915 under J. Matthew Hayes.","why_significant":"The district is argued to be significant for its link to sharecropping and tenant farming in Georgia, and to African-American history, since Hayes, who was white, built houses for his Black sharecroppers and tenant farmers. It is also cited as a rare surviving tenant farm complex. Its houses are excellent examples of hall-parlor, side-gabled cottage, shotgun and Craftsman bungalow types.","narrative":"Hayes Line is a small rural community just west of Thomson, Georgia, built around a farm started in 1915 by J. Matthew Hayes. Hayes, a white merchant, built his own house and then a row of modest dwellings for African-American sharecroppers and tenant farmers who worked his land, growing cotton, corn, peas and potatoes. The farm operated until the early 1950s. Eleven historic houses survive, mostly one-story wood-frame tenant houses built between about 1920 and 1930 in hall-parlor, side-gabled, central-hallway and shotgun forms. The oldest building, the Hayes House, began as a single-pen cottage and was later enlarged into a side-gabled bungalow with Craftsman details such as overhanging eaves and decorative gable brackets. The district was listed for its association with tenant farming and African-American history, and for its well-preserved collection of early twentieth-century rural houses. Many similar tenant complexes elsewhere in Georgia have been lost, and the houses here are still lived in.","period_of_significance":"1915 to 1930","architect_builder":null,"architectural_style":"Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements/Craftsman; other types: hall-parlor, shotgun, bungalow, side-gabled cottage","criteria":["A","C"],"status_note":"Continues to function as a residential community; the historic tenant houses owned by the Hayes family are occupied, and the district retains a high degree of integrity.","vacant_flag":false,"machine_generated":true,"model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","prompt_version":"v1.0-2026-10-29","generated_at":"2026-10-29 02:55:42.675488-05","source_pdf":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_GA/00000106.pdf"},"photo":null,"district":null,"sources":{"nps_snapshot_date":"2026-05-22","nara_catalog":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/93208908","wikipedia":null,"wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141779802"},"indexable":true,"url":"https://nationalhistoricalregister.com/georgia/mcduffie-county/hayes-line-historic-district-00000106/"}